Solar Home System
1. DIY SOLAR HOME SYSTEM
1.2. MODULE 2
Module 2: Components of a Solar Home System
1. Solar Panels (PV Modules)
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Function: Convert sunlight → DC electricity.
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Types:
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Monocrystalline (High efficiency, expensive).
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Polycrystalline (Mid efficiency, affordable).
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Thin-film (Lightweight, flexible, lower efficiency).
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Key Term: Wattage (W) = Power output (e.g., 300W panel).
2. Batteries (Energy Storage)
Key Notes:
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Function: Store extra power for use at night/cloudy days.
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Types:
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Lead-Acid (Cheap, heavy, shorter lifespan).
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Lithium-ion (Light, long lifespan, expensive).
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Key Term: Capacity (Ah/kWh) = How much energy is stored.
3. Charge Controller (Battery Protector)
Key Notes:
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Function: Regulates power from panels to the batteries (prevents overcharging).
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Types:
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PWM (Basic, cheaper).
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MPPT (More efficient, costly, best for large systems).
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4. Inverter (DC → AC Converter)
Key Notes:
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Function: Converts DC (from panels/batteries) to AC (for home appliances).
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Types:
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Pure Sine Wave (Best for sensitive electronics).
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Modified Sine Wave (Cheaper, may harm some devices).
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"Inverter Types"
🔌 Pure Sine Wave → Laptops, TVs, medical devices
🔌 Modified Sine Wave → Lights, fans, basic tools
5. Wiring & Safety Gear
Key Notes:
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Cables: Thick, UV-resistant (for outdoor use).
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Fuses/Disconnects: Prevent fires from overloads.
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Mounting Structure: Rust-proof frames for panels.
"Safety First!"
⚡ Use DC-rated switches
🔥 Install fuses near batteries
☀️ Secure panels with strong racks
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Discussion Prompt:
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"Would you choose lithium or lead-acid batteries? Why?"
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Quick Quiz
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Which charge controller is more efficient for large systems?
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(a) PWM
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(b) MPPT
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True or False: Modified sine wave inverters are safe for laptops.
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False
- True
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Bonus: Component Cheat Sheet (PDF)
| Component | Purpose | Key Specs |
|---|---|---|
| Solar Panel | Sun → DC power | Wattage (e.g., 300W) |
| Battery | Stores energy | Capacity (e.g., 100Ah) |
| Inverter | DC → AC for homes | Sine wave type |